Parthenon

By humanist is meant those who published, annotated and criticized the texts, first Greco-Roman and classical, later neo-Latin, vernacular and medieval, inherited by western European culture from its various pasts (Artful Crafts, M.Vickers and D.Gill, Oxford, Claredon Press, 1994 pp. 93-96). There has never been such thing as humanist movement, in philosophical or any other terms. The term humanism was used by a German educator, F.J. Niethammer, as a special program for study to be separate from scientific and engineering programs. Humanism itself begins in Europe in middle ages. Europeans, considering themselves as a united ethnic group with the origin in Middle Ages started to concern about classical literature both Latin and Greek.

It is known that the Greeks tried to honor their Gods through sculptures, the Greek architects started to develop techniques based on the principles of rythmos and symmetria. Two orders Doric and Lonic were defined as having distinct and psychological traits. The best examples of both orders are presented in Athenian Acropolis. Parthenon is the most important monument there, it is still a universal architectural and artistic symbol. The building is about 2,500 years and it was build to honor the citys patron goddess Athena, who brought the salvation in Persian wars. The dimensions of Parthenon are 30.9 meters by 69.5 meters. There are special internal Doris colonnades to support the roof, and the ceiling is 29.8 meters long and 19.2 meters wide, columns themselves are 10.4 meters high. Parthenon is decorated with marble sculptures internally and externally. On all four sides of the temple there are friezes, which depict the Procession of Panathenaea - the most formal religious festival in ancient Athens. There are depicted different battles, on the northern side they probably show the Trojan War.

On the eastern side all the gods of the Greek Parthenon are shown. The scientists state that the internal ceilings were deep blue and statues were colored brightly. Others think that the upper parts of the Parthe non were bright red and blue and the sculptures could stand out if one looked at them from below. On all four sides of the building are presented the figures of gods, beasts and more than 360 humans. The whole Doric Parthenon creates the illusion of perfection with the help of irregularities.

The Greek achievements were crucial for Western civilization, their art and architecture were of great importance for Romans and European and American artists within the 19th century. Greek literature, arts and religious and philosophical ideas served the basis for development of Western civilization.

Humanism itself was not a philosophy, but it did influence the historical and political ideas of the societies, served a background for development of arts and literature. Such historical treasur es as Parthenon accumulate and store the important knowledge, connecting the achievements of ancient people with present reality.

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Author:: Aaron Schwartz
Keywords:: Parthenon
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