Presenting: BARBARA WINTER!

Well, I am really excited to be able to present to you my first interview: Barbara Winter, best-selling author and creative entrepreneur extraordinaire. I am always fascinated by people who manage to combine their artistic and creative talents with being a successful entrepreneur. In the end thats what I am aspiring to achieve.

I first met Barbara in a seminar in Toronto and I enjoyed her humorous, casual yet informative style. A few phone conversations and a tele-class later: here she is!

1. Please tell us a bit about your background and work experience.

I've been self-employed for 30 years so the things I did prior to that seem very much in the distant past. My first job was as a high school English and speech teacher. Then I worked for the State of Minnesota Employment service. After taking three years off to be a fulltime mother, I was an interior designer with Ethan Allen. Every one of those jobs taught me things that helped me when I started my own business--including teaching me that I never wanted to work for anyone but myself.

2. You are one of the pioneers of self-employment. When and why did you decide to become self-employed? What was it like when you got started? How have things changed since then?

I certainly wasn't encouraged to be self-employed when I was growing up. The decision evolved gradually. I had gotten interested in personal growth and development back in the early seventies and was slightly frustrated that all the books and seminars (which were far fewer than there are today) were by men, for men. I decided to take some of the things I'd learned and do seminars for women. I also began publishing a newsletter called The Successful Woman. It was all trial and error.

There was very little information to help me then. I began working from home, but was somewhat embarrassed about that. I had no idea that I was going to be part of the home business revolution. Essentially, it's so much e asier now to be self-employed because there are more of us doing it and there's more good information.

3. One of the primary focuses of this website is Travel. Tell us about your Support Your Wanderlust seminars.

Well, I've always had wanderlust myself and as I got more confident about being self-employed I knew I wanted my business to include Travel. As time went on, students in Making a Living Without a Job seminars kept telling me that they wanted to Travel so How To Support Your Wanderlust came out of those requests--and my own and other entrepreneur's experiences creating profitable Travel for themselves.

4. How do you integrate Travel into your entrepreneurial ventures? What opportunities of Travel have you been able to enjoy through your business endeavours?

I Travel extensively throughout the US doing seminars. Now that I've joined forces with Nick Williams, who lives in London, we're doing more work together in the UK, as well as in the US. A s a writer, I've also Traveled and incorporated research into those trips adding another profit center-- and tax deductible Travel.

5. How often do you Travel and how do you reconcile Travel with all your various business endeavours?

It varies, but I've kind of developed a system that works for me. The seminars I do in adult ed programs are primarily held on Friday evenings and Saturdays so I Travel on the weekends with those. When I'm in Europe, I have to have my writing projects done before I leave. I've always preferred to Travel more frequently, but for shorter periods of time so that makes it possible to keep up with the demands of my business at home because I'm usually not away for long, long periods of time. And I only buy houseplants that can survive without me.

6. Please tell us about your life and business philosophy in general.

My philosophy--in its simplest form--is have a great life and talk about it. I decided long ago to make myself a guinea pig and experiment with ideas before passing them along in my writing and teaching. I consider myself a card-carrying dream builder and my greatest joy is helping others go for their own dreams.

7. You are a bestselling author of the book Making a Living Without a Job. Tell us more about that book.

Making a Living Wihtout a Job was first a seminar which was enormously popular--still is--that put together my ideas about being creatively self-employed. When it went into book form, I wanted to write a manual that wasn't just about getting started, but also about keeping going. It really was meant to free the corporate slaves by exposing them to a different way of working and thinking about their own lives.

8. What about your most recent book Jump Start Your Entrepreneurial Spirit?

Jumpstart Your Entrepreneurial Spirit is a collection of 52 short essays about all sorts of things appropriate to the entrepreneurial life. It includes lots of the intan gibles things that make for success and lots of stories about people that inspire me.

9. Please tell us about your Winning Ways newsletter and the tele-classes and seminars you offer?

One of the most critical things for anyone wanting to succeed at self-employment is to have steady reinforcement. A newsletter does that beautifully and also gives me a format to share new business ideas, books, and stories from my seminar students. Winning Ways comes out six times a year and is great fun to write. I'll be starting my 19th year of publication, which is a longevity record for small business newsletters. While I still do short seminars that include the ones you've mentioned and another called Establish Yourself as an Expert, this past year I've been moving to longer events, which I love. Here in Minnesota I do one called Camp Entrepreneur. Nick and I also do an event in Las Vegas called Being an Inspired Entrepreneur and another in the Lake District in the UK called Building the Possible Dream. I'm quite smitten with all the longer events and plan to do more of them in the future.

10. For a while now you have been involved in building a business across international frontiers. Please tell us more about your newest initiative Dreambuilders.

One of the interesting challenges I've been dealing with for the past couple of years is learning how to work with a business partner who lives 4,000 miles away. While e-mail and the telephone make it easy to stay in touch, Nick Williams and I are also aware of the fact that we're most creative when we're together in the same place. Sometimes we also have little cultural differences of opinion which we always manage to work out, perhaps because we both find it fascinating to see a different perspective. These are all just little issues that add spice to our business, I'd say.

I once wrote an article called Another Barrier Down in which I talked about the fact that we are the first p eople in the history of the world for whom geography is not an obstacle for starting a business. In the article I said the business of the future will look quite different: our customers and clients will be people who share a consciousness, not a postal code.

It's that new paradigm that Nick and I have heartily embraced in creating the Dreambuilders Community. We're getting members from all over the globe who share our consciousness. It won't be long before we're holding events in a number of different countries and seeing that the entrepreneurial spirit can flourish almost anywhere. It's wildly exciting to be part of this growing global community of inspired entrepreneurs.

Let me thank you, Barbara, for sharing your experiences and some insight into your creative entrepreneurial mind. So far I have learned a lot and I am definitely planning to sign up for your next Establish Yourself as an Expert teleclass!

Susanne Pacher is the publisher of a website call ed Travel and Transitions (http://www.Travelandtransitions.com). Travel and Transitions deals with unconventional Travel and is chock full of advice, tips, real life Travel experiences, interviews with Travellers and Travel experts, insights and reflections, cross-cultural issues, contests and many other features. You will also find stories about life and the transitions that we face as we go through our own personal life-long journeys.

Submit your own Travel stories in our first Travel story contest (http://www.Travelandtransitions.com/contests.htm) and have a chance to win an amazing adventure cruise on the Amazon River.

Life is a Journey Explore New Horizons.

The interview with photos is published at Travel and Transitions - Interviews

Author:: Susanne Pacher
Keywords:: Travel, adventure Travel, eco tourism, hippo Travel,women Travel, family Travel, Toronto, Canada
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Transformation of the Great Plains

In his study of the Colorado Gold Rush, Elliott West discovered that historians have generally focused their attention on what was rushed to rather than what was rushed over (West xvii). His basic argument is that the influx of goldseekers changed the Great Plains as well as the Rockies, and that the Indians were pArtly responsible for their own difficulties (West, xvii). West asserts that the history of the Great Plains changed over time primarily through people's perceptions of it:

People use their brains to create mental variations of the places they observe, variations that exist only inside their heads. They imagine changes in the world as it presently exists outside themselves; they visualize new connections and relationships that are not there yet. So besides the perceived environment in the first sense the outer world as humans encounter it through their senses there can be many alternate environments existing simultaneously as imagined places (West xx).

Consequently, for changes on the Great Plains to occur, people must first imagine the area differently. West describes the many changes that transpired on the Great Plains, and the factors that propelled people to change their perceptions of the Great Plains.

The first occupants of the Plains were pArt of the Clovis complex around 9500 10,000 B.C. (West 19). At this time, the Plains were wetter and cooler (West 18). But soon after their arrival, the climate changed and became warmer. This caused the tall grasses to give way to shorter, and led to the extinction of many species the Clovis hunters used for food. This extinction (pArtly caused by the Clovis) led them and the later Folsom peoples to develop a bison-hunting culture.

About 5000 B.C. the climate changed again; the Plains underwent a prolonged drought which caused the land to become more arid, and take on the appearance similar to the present. This caused the hunters to become even more nomadic as they searched for food. The Plains peoples developed a cycle of movement that united the seasonal offerings of plains, hills, and high mountain terrain (West 24). At about the time of Christ, the Plains Woodlands people had set up a network of trade covering most of the United States and well beyond its borders to obtain commodities they could not obtain locally.

Then around A.D. 700-800, another climactic shift led the Plains into one of the wettest periods of its history (West 27). This led to farming communities along the Republican, Solomon, and Smoky Hill Rivers. These farmers eventually moved eastward off the Plains during the thirteenth century as the land suffered a series of droughts. Then new peoples moved onto the Plains to create their own mode of survival. Before European contact, many different peoples had lived and survived on the Plains. They had adapted to the changing climates and exploited the resources close at hand, while establishing trade for what was not close at hand.

Contact with Europeans in the mid-sixteenth century dramatically changed the Native peoples' perceptions of the Great Plains. The Spaniards envisioned the Plains as lacking almost everything needed to turn neutral space into a human place (West 35). Coronado's reports of the Great Plains resulted in Europeans staying out of the area for two hundred years. However, the Spaniards brought with them two things that would revolutionize life on the Plains: horses a nd guns. Once the Native Americans understood the capabilities of horses and guns, they looked at the country and thought it into another shape (West 55).

For the Plains tribes, the horse turned them into more efficient hunters of the bison, and guns were extremely beneficial for raiding villages. The Indians' changed perception of the Plains caused a population explosion. The population in the high Plains rose steeply in the late eighteenth century, then climbed more sharply after 1800 (West 67). Many tribes, such as Comanches, Nakotas, Lakotas, and others, began moving onto the Plains from the east as they imagined the land in different ways.

As the new tribes moved into the Great Plains, there was a shuffling of power in its crudest form force used by some people to control, exploit, and kill other people (West 68). The tribal warfare for control of the area around the Black Hills resulted in the Lakotas displacing tribes such as the Kiowa, Arapahoes, Crows, and Cheyennes. But the migration to the Plains caused the Lakota to come to depend on the horse more heavily. This dependency led to problems since, because of the northern winters, the Lakota often were in short supply of horses. This shortage helped shape their actions during the years ahead (West 66).

Up until the mid-nineteenth century, the Great Plains had belonged to the Native Americans almost exclusively. But in 1858, the rumours of gold in the Rockies that had been circulating for decades was confirmed when Green Russell and his followers made the true discovery of gold in the Pike's Peak region (West 105). This discovery, along with other events in America paved the way for a general stampede into the area. Before the settlers could move into this area, their perceptions of it had to change.

Previously they viewed the Plains as a virtual wasteland inhabited by savages ready to kill any white people. Sumner's victory at the Solomon River in 1856 gave man y the impression of nomads beaten and pacified (West 100). Therefore, many felt the Indian populations would not be much of a threat to them.

Also the depression of 1857 encouraged people to look at the Great Plains in a different light. It then became a place where they could escape the bad conditions at home and regain economic stability. Newspapers and travel guides immediately set to work to propagandize the Great Plains. One St. Louis editor wrote that the gold fields would be the evangel to a new commerce (West 131). In addition to the gold mines, propagandists gave people a view of the Great Plains as a place that would be good for cattle raising and farming. Soon after Russell made his discovery in 1858, the first townsite, Denver City, was laid out. The following spring, more than 100,000 people headed for Colorado (West 145).

This invasion of miners caused conflict within numerous Plains tribes when they returned to the South Platte River. As their reso urces, such as bison, began to diminish, many tribes such as the Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Kiowas, Lakotas, and Comanches were torn between leaders who called for accommodation with whites and others advocating confrontation, or at least a studied disengagement (West 194). The tribes' dependence on the bison and trade with whites thus caused much of their difficulties when miners began filtering into the area, since many trading chiefs favored accommodation. The subsequent warfare, displacement of Indians, and the establishment of reservations further changed the face of the Great Plains. For many thousands of years, the Great Plains underwent a series of changes to reach its present appearance. The common factor in these changes is that before they were implemented, they had to be envisioned.

Bibliography

West, Elliott. The Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers, and the Rush to Colorado. University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Mary Arnold is an author on http://www .Writing.Com/ which is a site for Fiction Writing.

Her writing portfolio may be viewed at http://www.Writing.com/authors/ja77521

Author:: Mary Arnold
Keywords:: Great Plains, Native Americans, gold rush
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European Heroes (2005 )

Maud Fontenay

As my exploits in the field may be viewed as inertia personified, I always greet tales of extraordinary physical Endurance with a mixture of awe and wonder. The awe is simple enough and in the case of the youthful Maud, quite understandable but the wonder is how bonkers some people are. There are innumerable cases of individuals fulfilling long held ambitions by testing their limits and Maud Fontenay demonstrates this point in spades.

Maud Fontenay is a slight, slender woman of 27 who sought to show that size and strength alone mean little without mental toughness and resourcefulness. Her achievement? Rowing 7,000 kilometres across the Pacific Ocean on her own in 73 days while variously contending with a broken seawater filtration system and diving into shark infested waters to fix her boat. Spending the first fifteen years of her life at sea was certainly a helpful start but, nonetheless, its a pretty staggering feat. As for my feet, you can be assured they remain rooted to the spot.

Jeff Porter

Thank God, I have never borne personal witness to a Terrorist outrage or other catastrophe. Yet, if I was and I was also compus mentus, what would I do? Run for the proverbial exits? Sit in shock? Or, indeed, take some responsibility? That all assumes, of course, that I only had myself to worry about and not the scenario that confronted Jeff Porter.

Porter is a driver on the London Underground who saw a train on an adjacent track blown up as part of the orchestrated campaign last July by supporters of al Qaeda. His presence of mind as he approached Edgware Road station ensured the death toll was minimised. He decamped from his train, in the wake of this ferocious explosion, and groped his way through the dust, smoke and trapped bodies to raise the alarm in the main body of the station. He subsequently assisted in the orderly evacuation of around 1,000 passengers from his train in small groups. We often ma rvel at the heroic achievements of trained emergency services so Jeff Porter, a modest, self effacing train driver, deserves our great admiration all the more.

Lars G. Josefsson

I attended a seminar recently which, among other things, showed the result of a vox pop that asked members of the public whether they were both environmentally friendly and aware. The bemusement, embarrassment and mild irritation that unfolded on screen was highly instructive and was almost a mirror image of the attitude and stance of business leaders and politicians. Climate change is the most serious long term threat to the planet, far more than the threat of race wars or mutant viruses, and Lars G. Josefsson is among the most serious champions of this issue.

His influence reflects his position as CEO of Vattenfall, the Swedish state controlled electricity company, and he has used it to exert pressure on G8, the United Nations and the international business community to impose a worldwide system to limit carbon dioxide emissions over the next century. This will permit a market in which quotas may be traded and indicates that energy providers are starting to regulate their industry before governments demand it. The brand of enlightened radicalism displayed by Josefsson has been an infrequent guest in boardrooms hitherto but is, I suspect, something well be seeing rather more of in the future.

Howard Lewis,
Chairman, Invaluable group of companies.
http://www.invaluable.com

Only Invaluable gives you unrivalled access to pre-sale and post-sale information for auction houses and salerooms across the globe.

Find art, antiques and collectables. Try our Keyword search, register at http://www.invaluable.com for a free 14 day trial.

Author:: Howard Lewis
Keywords :: Endurance,Maud Fontenay,Rowing,Jeff Porter,London Underground,Terrorist,al Qaeda,Josefsson,G8,
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

Typical European!?

Germans wear 'Lederhosen,' drink beer and eat sausages, are always on time, humourless and cold blooded. The French eat croissants and baguette, wear berets and are lazy to speak another language. Italians eat Pizza and Pasta, talk loudly and are chaotic. Sweden is the country of Pippi Langstrumpf and blond girls. The British have a queen, love football and eat fish and chips. In Holland everybody wears wooden shoes, eats cheese and rides a bike through the flat countryside with its windmills. The Spanish enjoy bull fights, eat paella and take siesta while the Austrians live in the mountains, wear a Tiroler hat and listen to Mozart.

Many languages, many voices, many attitudes, many different opinions, national histories and cultures. What is typical European? A complex topic which is shaped by contr adictions and conflicts. Nevertheless, thinking about Europe has a long tradition. It reveals a European self-conception and its dependency on the cultural, socio-political and ethical developments. But how is Europe going to look like? Is it possible to unite people from different countries and with different histories? Every country possesses its individual charm which they want to keep. But does an alliance of countries need to include containment or a decrease of cons isting rights and situations? Should Europe not be a meeting point of different nationalities that are open for learning new languages and discovering the beauty of other cultures? A meeting point where humans exchange experiences and opinions, where you profit from each others heritage and learn to help one another to grow together to something bigger? European countries should not see themselves apart from the rest. People should discover that there are more advantages than open borders when going on holiday. They have to experience Europe as a community and a unit, not only in an economic sense. They need to see the positive effects and opportunities that are offered. Europe should not be just a point in the discussions of politicians but a project which is taken forward. It is nothing static but can be seen as work in progress. The only question is where to start. We all have different traditions, a different past and different climates and landscapes. We have different life styles and all speak a different language. How are we supposed to communicate? But is it really necessary to have one common language and one common tradition? Is being European not looking beyond our own nose and experience new things?

Times have changed, havent they? People are not spending their lives in one place anymore. They take their traditions and ideals with them and mingle with other people and their attitudes. That leads to a development of new commonalities and new opinions. Nowadays communities are mobile and mixed and not static anymore. You can find Italian and Greek restaurants in nearly every part of the world. Everybody eats French cheese and drinks French wine. Radios play worldly music and we learn different languages at school. We have to open our minds and see that we are not loosing anything from our history and our past but that we gain a part of another history and another past. But do we built up a unit or can we find a common identity if people in one country are already prejudiced towards each other? Take East and West Germany! After now 17 years of unification there are still conflicts and big differences in thinking and behaviour. We see that we cannot create feeling of a European community and force people to accept it. It has to develop by making clear that tolerance and a view on others are necessary and that Europe does not destroy the diversity of culture but tries to improve the interpersonal relationships. Somebody once said that Europe is a phase; it is progress, movement and standstill at the same time. It creates possibil ities and chances. It is a feeling and somehow like a rainbow presenting a richness of different colours in one single thing or like a salad bowl where all ingredients are mixed together but still keep their originality.

(resource: http://www.tobook.com)

Nadja Pollack has studied comunication sciences in Germany. Works as editor at http://www.tobook.com

Author:: Nadja Pollack
Keywords:: Europe, European culture
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No Single Nation Can Impose Democracy on Another

Imposing Democracy on Another nation is something that many academics and philosopher types have debated over many decades. Some believe that no single nation can impose Democracy over Another nation. Indeed these same people will argue that no group of nations should impose democracy over Another either. And this would also include any group called a League of Nations, United Nations or One World Government.

However there are many who are in the United Nati ons who believe that there are many instances when such imposition would be necessary to prevent war, human rights abuses or and out of control government regime. It is for this reason that many could argue that there will be circumstances when it will be necessary to remove a radical regime such as a dictatorship and replace that governments leadership with a Democracy.

What do you do with a Nation State whose leadership insists on funding and sponsoring International Terrorists or even giving them nuclear weapons to use on large civilian populations and cities? Perhaps a protocol is needed of when to impose a legitimate democracy on Another nation and rather than allowing the Security Council of the United Nations, which is totally political, to decide when to do something about a menacing problem which is bound to get worse. Consider this in 2006.

Lance Winslow

Author:: Lance Winslow
Keywords:: No Single Nation, Can Impose Democracy, Another
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

SelfDestruction: My Country My People

A lot of people had issues with what Comedian Bill Cosby and what he had to say in referenCe to some of his soCiopolitiCal views about AfriCan-AmeriCan families and their Communities. I Commend him for taking a stand and I believe that what he had to say deserves merit.

As one of those people of Color, I believe that we are taking ourselves baCk into a different form of bondage without even realizing it, however this time we are doing it to ourselves.

Slavery is long gone. Over 400 years of Slavery is no exCuse for us not to be doing better when it Comes to eduCation, reduCing Crimes, and in other areas of our lives that are ConduCive to a safer and better world. There is simply no exCuse for us to still be killing and hurting others and ourselves as we are witnessing on a daily basis in the media, and other areas of our lives. The rates are very alarming and staggering.

Martin Luther King and many other good people have fought and died for peaCe, justiCe and many of the things that we now take for granted. They did not, nor should not have died in vain. It is beginning to appear that some of the very same people that he and others have given their lives for in order for us to be able to do the things that we Can now do were not worth the saCrifiCe. If anything, the faCt of just knowing that Slavery did exists, and all the pain and losses that we have already endured, should have been enough to have kept us on the straight and narrow and not resort to what I would Call this madness, that I am seeing today.

It appears that instead of Co ntinuing Dr. Martin Luther Kings dream; we have taken it and turned it into a nightmare where we have now beCome our worst enemy. Though these words are very harsh and Cruel, I believe it is neCessary in order to grab the attention that we need in order to get us moving again in the right direCtion.

If by ChanCe we all dont get it, or attempt to make a move in the right direCtion after knowing how so many of us feel, then we will soon reaCh a point where we Can no longer look at ourselves in the mirror and ask ourselv es why? We will not be able to do so beCause the answer will already be right there steering us in the faCe. A refleCtion of what was onCe Considered a viCtim would now bear the resemblanCe of the perpetrator.

Of Course this does not apply to everyone and only a fool would think so. A refleCtion is only a view of something that is real. In many Cases a refle< a href='http://www.amazon.com/rss/tag/C/new?tag=day2soft-20'title= 'C: Newly tagged products at Amazon.com' target='_blank' style='font-size: large'>Ction may appear so real it beComes very diffiCult to differentiate. When it beComes diffiCult to differentiate we are more willing to Choose seCurity rather than inseCurity when given a ChoiCe. Though many of us are a lot more Complex in our thoughts, it is often the easiest and most sensible and reliable thing to do. In time I believe everyone will get better aCquainted and skilled in this arena, however for now though, I know we know who we are, and I believe the AmeriCan people know who we are.

Millions of our people are still dying all over the world. Whether it is beCause of an illness or by the hands of one of our own, or even someone elses, it is still too many. Thousands, are still being r obbed, Raped, beaten, murdered and killed in their Communities, in their homes, by our own raCe, and in some Cases even their own relatives, whiCh makes no sense at all. This just makes you wonder, is it really Nurture or Nature?

Peter Brownlowe is an ex-military offiCer and a poliCe offiCer. He reCently returned from the war in Iraq and tells us what he really thinks about many different topiCs, inCluding the war in Iraq and our Current administration. He talks about Criminals and his passion for a Crimeless soCiety. You Can hear more abou t him or piCk up a Copy of his book at: http://CrimefreeCity.Com

Author:: Peter Brownlowe
Keywords:: Rap,Hip-hop,Crimes,Ghetto,SoCial,BlaCks,afriCan ameriCan,break danCing, Guns,ViolenCe,Slavery,Hood,C
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

19061916 Ireland

The United Kingdom had problems with Ireland since the very beginning of its administration in the country. Political history of Britain changed dramatically during the period of 1906-1916. The Easter uprising led to the foundation of the separation of Ireland from the rest of the UK, and the Ulster crisis brought a fear of a civil war.One of the most eminent consequences of the Irish problem was the thorough decline of the liberal. It had been replaced by the labour as the third largest political party in Britain after First World War. The home rule, which gave Ireland absolute control over their domestic affairs, in the first place, caused the split within the party. Some supported home rule on the one hand, whereas others stand against it and alginate themselves with unionist, where it had been restraine d severely, and the integrity was hardly remained. It had thereby laid the way for the further conflict later in the wartime, because a atmosphere of split had been created ever since. Propose of the home rule bill had just passed through House of Commons with Irish nationalists support in 1912.

Meanwhile, the way the government dealt with Irish problem had also exposed the incompetence of the liberal government, while, a constant decreasing popularity had been seen since 1906, the year they won a biggest majority ever. The government under Asquith didnt manage to comfort that Irish as well as English electorate, because they did not take necessary action when it was required. Failure to take Ulster as a separate case from home rule was a failure where a series of unrest and even protest was carried out that radicalised both southern Irish and Ulstermen. To make it worse, alongside the industrial unrest and suffragette, this problem also conducted the discontent of English electorate, which brought to the liberals constant death after the war.

Easter uprising was a catalyst to the break- up of already-worsen relation between Irish and the British government, which brought to the independence of the Irish southern counties. Although the act of union and potato famine had deeply provoked Irish, they would still satisfied by a home rule. However, a more radical group Sinn Fein was aiming to the separation. When the British government was increasingly engaged in the war affair against, the radicalists saw a chance to separate Ireland, but the attempt to seize the power in Dublin was outnumbered by the police and armies, where no one came to aid them. Nevertheless, the bloody assassination of all the rebel leaders increased the public concern rapi dly, where people came to realise that the whole nation of Irish had been mistreated throughout history that they should separated from British administration, it is therefore mood of mobilization, which the prospect of civil war grow out. Sinn Fein grew fiercely after all, and became the biggest political party in Ireland which shown in the election results in 1908 which they gained 73 seats out of 84. It revealed the inevitable solution of this problem is partition.

Ulster crisis is mostly responsible for the growing intention within the government and polarisation of Irish people. It had, in the first place, given unionist a chance t o stand against government. When Ulster unionist claim themselves were faithful to the king George, and would take military action if necessary, unionist saw another chance to get a ally to fight against liberals, where unionists leader, law Bonar, proclaimed that they would stand with Ulstermen fight for the only empire, and the government was trying to sweep away the minority rights. Although House of Lords had lost their veto power, they still delayed the bill without any hesitation. Therefore the intension between liberal with Irish nationalists and unionist with Ulster unionist was growing vigorously, which even involved the king George. Thereafter, a meeting in Buckingham palace was held between all party leaders, which were ended up without any agreement. The intension created now had a long effect eve n into war time, where it was concerned about the coalition government. Moreover, Ulster crisis could be seen as a main reason for the polarisation of both nationalists and unionists. When the intension grew to its peek, there was a fear of the civil war, where rumours came out that the liberal was going to deploy the army forces. However, the army office was largely occupied by Ulstermen, when the government was going to deploy the forces in the Ulster to handle the possible violence, there was a fear that half of the army officers would go on to strike. It made the government abandon the military operation embarrassingly, where the most of electorate within Ireland was discontent, where either put themselves standing for independence, or the absolute union, which ruled out the possibility of implementing home rule.

In conclusion, Ireland problem brought a huge impact to the British political history that had a direct influence of the modern politics. The death of li beral, which was partially caused by the disagreement within the party on the home rules about Ireland problem. Also the separation of southern Ireland and the remaining of northern Ireland was a direct consequence of the problem between 1906to1916, as well as, the growing intension which had revealed vigorously during the wartime was also intensified by Irish problem. All in all, the Ireland problem was a vital event that directly resulted the modern formation of British political history.

The article was produced by the member of masterpapers.com. Sharon White is a senior writer and writers consultant at Research Papers. Get some useful tips for Coursework and buy term papers.

Author:: Sharon White
Keywords:: Ireland, Irish
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

English Literature: Alexander Pope The Rape of the Lock

In The Rape of the Lock Alexander Pope (1688-1744) employs a mock-epic style to satirise the beau-monde (fashionable world, society of the elite) of eighteenth century England. The richness of the poem, however, reveals more than a straightforward satirical attack. Alongside the criticism we can detect Popes fascination with, and perhaps admiration for, Belinda and the society in which she moves. Pope himself was not pArt of the beau-monde. He knew the families on which the poem is based but his own parents, though probably comfortably off, were not so rich or of the class one would have to be in to move in Belinda's circle. He associated with learned men and poets, and there can have been little common ground between the company he kept at Will's Coffee House and those who frequented Hampton Court.

The incident at the centre of the poem is the Baron's theft of a lock of hair and the ensuing estrangement of two families. The opening lines of the poem introduce the reader to the satirical stance he is taking towards the society portrayed in the poem.

What dire Offence from am'rous Causes springs,
What mighty Contests rise from trivial Things, [I.1-2

Pope suggests that they are taking a trivial incident too seriously, displaying an exaggerated sense of their own importance. Throughout the poem Pope continues to make this point through his use of the mock-epic style, which itself takes a trivial incident too seriously, and uses disproportionately grand language to describe an unworthy subject.

Belinda is belittled early in the poem by the revelation of Ariel [l.27-114, who tells her that pArt of her will survive after her death.

Think not, when Womans transient Breath is fled,
That all her Vanities at once are dead:
Succeeding Vanities she still regards,
And tho she plays no more, oerloks the Cards.
Her Joy in gilded Chariots, when alive,
And Love of Ombre, after Death survive.
For when the Fair in all their Pride expire,
To their first Elements their Souls retire: [l.51-9

We might expect this pArt, the deepest and most essential pArt of her being, the 'first Elements', to be her soul, but in Belinda's case it is her Vanities, her 'Joy in gilded Chariots' and her 'Love of Ombre', suggesting tha t her soul consists of nothing more that vanity and a love of pleasure.

Belinda's vanity is seem to take the form of religious devotion in the passage describing her morning toilette.

And now, unveild, the Toilet stands displayd,
Each Silver Vase in mystic Order laid.
First, robd in White, the Nymph intent adores
With Head uncoverd, the Cosmetic Powrs.
A heavnly Image in the Glass appears,
To that she bends, to that her Eyes she rears; [l.121-6

The ironic transposition of cosmic powers in 'Cosmetic Powrs' indicates the excessive value she attributes to her make-up, and bowing to her own image shows her devotion to her religion of narcissism. The passage is a mock version of the arming of the epic hero, her weaponry of cosmetics being ridiculed by the implicit comparison with the swords and shields of the epic hero. The passage includes a mock catalogue.

Here Files of Pins extend their shining Rows,
Puffs, Powders, Patches, B ibles, Billet-doux. [l.137-8

This catalogue, echoing the catalogue of troops and weaponry found in epics, is one of the many indications of the jumbled values to be found in Belinda's society. The Bible is seen as a trinket for the adornment of her dressing table, along with the puffs and powders.

If we look for an explicit moral message in the poem we must look to Clarissa's speech [V.7-34, which Pope included specifically for that purpose. This is the most sober passage in the poem and it embodies Pope's message to the beau-monde, and in pArticular to the Fermor and Petre families. It is a plea for maturity and good sense, for virtue and care of the soul; all the things which the satire has shown to be lacking. By asking them to see their lives in a wider context he hopes to persuade them to ado pt a more rational sense of proportion. By laughing at the mock-epic style they will have to admit that they are laughing at themselves, and Pope hopes this will inculcate a spirit of good humour and reconciliation.

Although not himself of the beau-monde Pope was pArt of the same era. The finesse and delicacy of beau-monde manners is matched by Pope's style, and the good humour, wit, and charm which characterises Pope's manner must represent an expression of the same ideals pursued by the Baron and other courtly men of the age. An affinity between them is revealed by Pope's empathy, fine judgements, and carefully aimed criticisms, and Pope must have been at least a little fascinated by the beau-monde to apply his talents to this poem which, in an ironic way, celebrates Belinda and her world and, as Pope himself suggests in the final couplet of the poem, has preserved them for posterity.

This Lock, the Muse shall consecrate to Fame,
And midst the Stars inscribe Belindas Name! [V.149-50

Copyright Ian Mackean. The full version of this essay can be read at:
http://www.literature-study-online.com/essays/alexander-pope.html

Ian Mackean runs the sites http://www.literature-study-online.com, which features a substantial collection of Resources and Essays, (and where his site on Short Story Writing can also be found,) and http://www.Booksmadeintomovies.com. He is the editor of The Essentials of Literature in English post-1914, ISBN 0340882689, which was published by Hodder Arnold in 2005. When not writing about literature or short story writing he is a keen amateur photographer, and has made a site of his photography at http://www.photo-zen.com

Author:: Ian Mackean
Keywords:: English literature,Alexander Pope,The Rape of the Lock
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

Gymnastics History A Brief Overview

Gymnastics, as an activity, has been around for more than two thousand years in one form or another, from the ancient Greek Olympics, to Roman ceremony, to todays modern meets.

As an organized and truly competitive sport, Gymnastics has existed for a little more than a century. It was introduced in the mid 1800s to the United States, where it inexorably gained in popularity within school systems.

Amateur associations gathered together by the late nineteenth century, offering classes and opportunities for young people to join in on the fun. Eventually, these associations began to have their own championships.

In 1896, at the first international Olympic games in Athens, Greece, the sport we all know and love enjoyed its first large-scale debut. Included in the Olympic tournament we re vaulting, parallel bars, pommel horse, and rings events for men. The first womens Olympic Gymnastics events were held in 1928. After the Olympics began to officially host Gymnastics, the World Championship Gymnastics meet emerged in the early 1900s, and it is still held to this very day.

Thus began a noble tradition that continues even in modern Olympic games and in local, regional, national, and world meets all over.

If youre the parent of a young gymnast, odds are, people are going to ask you, Why did you choose Gymnastics over swimming, ballet, football, baseball, or soccer? It is an easy question to offer, but not a simple one to answer.

Their curiosity is entirely understandable--to the uninitiated, may have a lower profile than others. However, if you are indeed very seriou s about your child participating in the sport, you can tell those people, with great authority, that Gymnastics is an excellent way to spend time. Not only does it have a long and illustrious history, but it also requires attention and discipline on the part of a child--more so, perhaps, than one involved in any other sport.

In order to become successful at the sport of Gymnastics, your child will have to get into a routine of practice.

This type of routine is different from, say, soccer practice or hockey practice, in that it does not involve the concept of physical rivalry with other individuals. A gymnast is not typically seen chasing after another Gymnastics youth with a set of rings as one might see a hockey player attacking another person on an opposing team.

Gymnastics does not encourage violence in the same way contact sports do -- indeed, when one is part of a Gymnastics team, one has to work in synchronicity with and have a certain trust for the other members, a valuable lesson in this individualism-driven social environment. This can certainly help in any future employment, especially if your child is interested in professions that involve lots of interpersonal communication.

Beyond practice, Gymnastics also requires physical discipline. For instance, if you do not move in the way that you are taught to move when on parallel bars, you will have falls and disappointment--and then, of course, you learn from the mistake, pick up, and try it again. Playing at Gymnastics braces a person for the future in that way: it prepares them for the inevitable necessity of determination and endurance in any of lifes endeavors, whether in business or in education. In conjunction with school study habits, practice for Gymnastics can indeed lead a young person into a level and graceful confidence. In fact, for as physically driven as Gymnastics happens to be, it is also an extremely intellectual sport: every motion requires forethought, for in the game, if you do not think of what you are going to do before you do it, youll end up on the mat.

Finally, and perhaps most obviously of all, there is the fact that Gymnastics will keep your child busy, as any other sport might. This means that he or she wont be as likely to slip into a pattern of slacking or of hanging out with the wrong crowd. Quite literally, when your child is at practice, you will know where they are -- you will not have to worry if they have wandered off somewhere or are unintentionally getting into trouble. This can lead to peace of mind for you and yours, most assuredly, which, like the skills they will learn, are absolutely invaluable.

By Murray Hughes
Gymnastics Secrets Revealed The book EVERY Gymnastics parent should read

http://www.Gymnasticssecretsrevealed.com/Gymnastics-articles/Gymnastics-history.htm

If your child is a gymnast and you enjoyed this article, you will definitely enjoy reading the zero cost, 5-day course Gymnastics Tips Course written especially for Gymnastics parents by a Gymnastics parent. Gymnastics History For AOL Users - History of Gymnastics

Author:: Murray Hughes
Keywords:: Gymnastics, Olympic games, Olympics, Gymnastics history
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Why Do Humans Think They Are So Superior?

We often hear humans say what a great species they are, but are they? Why do Humans think they are so superior? Others say well humans are just animals really; perhaps we should call this a simple observation, which is in direct contrast to humankinds outrageous ego-centric claims to be something so special and above the rest that they are somehow divine. I believe such embellished notions are nothing more than a fog, preventing mankind from the reality here on EArth.

Many researchers have pondered this thought too and the subject recently came up in an online think tank where a researcher of such stated:

It would seem as though you are evaluating a problem which is the result of a pArticular detail in our own classification process as superior. Although my focus is on the aspect of the human/animal group debate, the outlook and behavior humans exhibit towards other living things is as an issue that manifests itself as much on the individual level as on a circumstantial one.

Indeed a great point and perhaps this sheds some light on the subject and brings up another good point in the discussion. Does mankinds attitude and superiority complex affect his relationship with all surrounding life forms? If you stop to think about it this is a very good question isnt it? The fellow thinker and think tank researcher further states:

Ego-centricity is the product of a willful negatory behavior and not so much a systematic consequence of categorization or rank in the chain of living things which surround us. I guess we could say that being superior or unique to all other living things does not constitute th e power of abuse on those said things.

Indeed it does not necessarily constitute that, but it often does and probably more than most humans care to admit. What do you think about this? Do you feel that your personal and individual behavior is the way it is pArtly due to your ego-centric attitude and superiority complex of being a human at the top of the animal food chain? Consider this in 2006.

Lance Winslow

Author:: Lance Winslow
Keywords:: Why do Humans think they are so superior
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

Modern Books of Rhodesia and Zimbabwe for Collectors Bitter Harvest

A curious aspect of Rhodesiana (Rhodesian and Zimbabwean collectables) is that the most sought-after items are almost always those from the last 15 years of the country's existence, from the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 to the nation's independence under majority rule in 1980 as Zimbabwe. During this period there were strict currency restrictions, preventing Rhodesian citizens from exporting money out of the country or from taking money with them when they emigrated - from 1975 emigrants could take with them only Rh$1000 (about US$1200) per family. A local industry grew up creating high-value souvenir items for investment - sets of Military medals; sets of gold and silver medallions; UDI souvenirs made in precious metals and in limited editions. Books were invariably produced in two forms: a normal retail hardback edition, and a special collectors' edition: badged, bound in leather (in the case of Contact, by John Lovett, in elephant hide), autographed and bearing special tipped-in pages, and offered in a luxurious slip-case.

The sad truth is that, until the Internet created fresh interest in Rhodesiana, most of these investment items proved a very poor investment. Many of them now sell for barely more than their original cost, once you factor in 30 years' inflation.

However, books have consistently performed well and remain items of strong interest. My top tips for modern Rhodesian/Zimbabwean books are as follows (all prices are mid-2006):

* Contact, John Lovett, Galaxie Books, 1977. This elephant-hide-bound edition set new standards for luxurious presentation and deservedly remains popular. The Collectors' Edition was limited to just 115 individually numbered copies, of which 15 were given to the Rhodesian National Archives, politici ans and senior servicemen, and 100 offered for sale. The volume comes in a silk-lined slipcase and is handsomely bound in Rhodesian elephant hide, with heavy, polished brass title plate and edgings, and a high-relief badge of the coat of arms of Rhodesia, struck in brass, on the outer front cover. The Collectors' Edition is identical to the normal 1977 first edition except for two additional pages bound in, and protected with tissue paper covers. The first page bears an explanatory note and the Galaxie imprimatur, and certifies the copy number. The second page bears the original autographs of ten prominent Rhodesians:

John Wrathall, President of Rhodesia
Ian Douglas Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia
Clifford Dupont, the first President of Rhodesia
B. H. 'Jack' Mussett, Minister of Internal Affairs
Roger Hawkins, Minister of Combined Operations
Lt Gen Peter Walls, Commander, Combined Operations
Air Marshal M. J. 'Mick' McLaren, Deputy Commander, Combined Operations
P. Sherren, Commissioner of the BSAP
Lt Gen John Hickman, Commander of the Army
Air Marshal F. W. Mussell, Commander of the Air Force

Normal copies of Contact sell typically for between 50 and 80. The Collectors' Edition can change hands for up to 1000 at a book dealers'; perhaps 20% less on eBay.

* Contact II, Paul Moorcraft, Sygma Books 1979. Much harder to find than Contact, and written by the esteemed historian Paul Moorcraft, this volume is particularly sought because it contains a nominal roll giving many - but not all - of the later Rhodesian honours and decorations. In Very Fine condition this work typically sells for 80 to 100. The Collectors' Edition is similar in format to the Collectors' Edition of Contact I, and typically sells on eBay for between 300 and 700, but may be seen offered by book dealers for much higher prices. With both Contact and Contact II a good tip is to look through to see if any pages have been aut ographed - this was pretty common practice, and a nice autograph from a highly-decorated soldier can add 15% to the selling value.

* Encyclopaedia Rhodesia, Peter Bridger, Margaret House et al (eds), College Press 1973. Practically impossible to find in decent condition. In VG condition typically 30-45.

* Chimurenga! The War in Rhodesia 1965-1980, Paul Moorcraft & Peter McLaughlin, Sygma/Collins 1980. A small-format paperback, printed in tiny numbers and very elusive nowadays. In Very Fine condition typically 30-45.

* Up in Arms, Chenjerai Hove, ZPH, 1982. First poetry collection by Hove, now Zimbabwe's best-known poet and living in exile in Norway. This book was printed in minute numbers and is ultra-rare: particularly in decent condition. Typically 35-40 in VF quality.

* Rhodesia Served the Queen, A. S. Hickman, Government Printer 1970. A 1970 account of the Boer War by historian and former BSAP Commissioner A. S. Hickman, typically selling for 150 to 200 for the 2-volume set.

* The complete set of 36 volumes of the Books of Rhodesia Gold Series published between 1968 and 1974. A brilliant concept from Louis Bolze of Books of Rhodesia, a full set fetches about 550-650 on auction in the UK, although I have seen them offered at higher prices.

* Other desirable curiosities include A-Z street atlases (Guide to Greater Salisbury (M. O. Collins, 1975) 20-25) and telephone directories, which I have seen sell for 60-80.

Booby prizes include the very common Welensky's 4000 Days, of which a dealer of my acquantance said sniffily, Of course, the rare ones are the copies he didn't sign, and the very common (and, I am sorry to say, practically unreadable) Bitter Harvest by Ian Smith - selling typically for 60 or more if autographed, but almost impossible to give away otherwise!

Ben Rose
http://www.designprint.org

Author:: Ben Rose
Keywords:: Rhodesia,Rhodesian,ian smith,Zimbabwe,Zimbabwe,His tory,Military
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Bad Mouthing Fellow Authors

The creative mind is a gift to humanity; but unfortunately it comes with some baggage. We often find people who are creative also have negative and self-defeating personal character flaws. I recently had the pleasure of someone proving this to me. The name of the individual was Ed. You see Mr. Ed condemnEd my Expert status in some articles I wrote and put online. I recently wrote an article callEd 1000 Ways to Improve Your Business. http://ezinearticles.com/?id=37886

Ed was quick to make critique when he statEd:

Now, I assume the term Expert Author refers to someone being an Expert in their field. If Lance is indeEd an Expert in all the subjects he writes about - more power to him. If not, he should not misrepresent himself.

In the article of 1000 Ways, I statEd that I recommend Authors write articles that they are an Expert or borderline Expert in. I did not say; I am an Expert or borderline Expert in all the industries of all the articles I have writte n, although now challengEd I will admit that in fact I am. I do not misrepresent myself, yet I challenge Ed to identify himself.

Now that I have been challengEd by Ed; I hereby wish him to reveal his true identity to all of us and not remain a faceless Critic. I wish to read all these articles written by Ed and challenge his Expert status and he may challenge me on any topic he wishes in any articles I have written or have yet to write; who said I was stopping at 1000. He may debate points of contention or offer critique of such points with REAL observational experience or actual knowlEdge. I hereby challenge Ed.

Not because I want to prove something, as I have nothing to prove and I am not selling anything in my articles. My goal is to make people think. We must shut down the Critics of those who push the limits to press on. We cannot allow people to spit in the face of winners like Lance Armstrong in the Tour de France. Bill Gates was attackEd verbally on Bulletin Boards regarding open source software as he got going, today he is the largest philanthropist in the history of human civilization; what if he just got tirEd of being callEd the anti-Christ and never gave back anything?

We must turn off the sound of those who condemn those who persevere and dEdicate themselves to maintain the forward progression of mankind. We should applaud the shear will and human intent that drives those who are willing to take some hits along the way but are so full commitment and dEdication. I am not necessarily speaking of me; I can handle such critique thru many years of defense of the peanut galleries of this life experience. My comments and statement is about what is wrong with society in general and the Eds of the world. Why cant we as a society learn to cheer more than tear down. Why must we turn the sound and fury against ourselves in some sort of negative attack in the Trump board room?

There is a lesson here for those critique that which they do not understand in PC sewage world of mEdiocrity. Where are your 1000 articles? Before you condemn any one Author on EzineArticles.com you neEd to move out of your Glass House Ed. Mine is made of steel, would you like to discuss that industry with me? How about other heavy industry, mining or raw materials? Or perhaps Glass? www.WindowWashGuys.com.

How about Agriculture? www.tractorwashguys.com

Aviation: www.aircraftwashguys.com

Trucking; www.truckwashguys.com

Oil? www.OilChangeGuys.com

As a matter of fact pick any topic on this site: www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs. Internet marketing? We cou ld discuss politics, ever been in public office. Want to discuss religion, paranormal, brainwaves, artificial intelligence, robotics, water, BioTech, real estate? Pick a subject Ed, you challenge my Expert status after 27 years working 17 hour days with less then 10 days off? What about your score card Ed are you a non-linear thinker? Or better yet, write some articles and then we can debate those and condemn you on your abilities, strength of character, and make innuendos about your ethics and cast doubts of misrepresentation on your name. Should we do that Ed? Of course not, why would we do that; you are a sincere person correct? So why are you doing it to others of your lesser writing abilities in this shallow game of degradation? I believe an apology is owEd. Shouldnt we as a society stop attacking each other and work together for the common good? What is with the generation of today?

I take absolutely no personal offense to Eds comments as they are merely not so. I admit, my writing skills neEd work and I am learning and growing and working on it. Anyone reading this article can see that? However I completely disagree with your condemnation of anyone who has the work ethic to put up even 50 articles, that in itself is a feat. Those who can write 100, 200, or 1000 plus, let us give them all applause, wow. Lets live in reality Ed, we can start by knowing your real name, business, and profession. I hereby challenge you to reveal the truth so we can be sure you are not misrepresenting it. Lot different when the question of motivation is rEdirectEd isnt it; Call me a mirror if you want, nothing sticks to my refrigerator. Your call, stand tall and do tell all. The Whole Truth Ed, come on, come on.

Einstein said to challenge the Experts not condemn them. He meant lets challenge their beliefs and debate their theories and ideas. He did not say; Let us cut down the Experts so we can feel better about ourselves. I am like most thinkers willing to debate concepts, however personal insults, well they come generally from those of the lower IQ range and I cannot accept such mismanagement of individual human brain capacity. Think about it, next time you wish to degrade someones character thru anonymous Internet critique. And that goes for Ed too, if in fact Ed is this persons real name. Silly humans.

Lance Winslow

Author:: Lance Winslow
Keywords:: Ed, Expert, Author, bad mouthing, Weakness, Critic
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

Nessie the Beast of the Loch

They were fierce hill tribes in what is now Scotland, and we called them Picts. The name seems to mean The Painted People for they were known to love bright body art and multi-coloured clothing. They were artists, prolific carvers of stone and from the carved standing stones still found in the region around Loch Ness, we can see that the Picts were fascinated by animals, carefully etching their likeness into the surface of the stone. And they left us a mystery.

For all the animals depicted on the Pictish stones are lifelike and easily recognisable, except for one. This exception is a strange beast with a long elongated beak or muzzle, a head spout, and with flippers instead of feet, somewhat like a swimming elephant. This Pictish beast is the earliest known reference to the belief that took hold in the Scottish Highlands at least 1,500 years ago, that Loch Ness is home to a mysterious underwater animal. The Loch Ness Monster.

Columba stood for no nonsense, even from a monster. He had ordered one of his monks to swim across the loch to fetch a boat when, halfway across, the beast appeared and rushed at the swimmer, roaring in a most frightening way. The Saint himself jumped in the loch crying out at the monster Go no further, nor touch the man! Go back!. Thus commanded, the monster fled. The great Columba converted most of Scotland to Christianity and apparently converted Nessie too, for it is said that until he went out on the waters and soothed the beast, she had been a murderess.

In Scottish Folklore, large animals are associated with many bodies of water from small streams to the largest lakes, often labeled Loch-na-Beistie on old maps. These water-horses, or kelpies, are cousins of the Irish Pooka and have similar magical powers but often malevolent intentions. They are dragons under water, lurking with ravenous intent, waiting for the onset of darkness in the long Northern nights before they come forth and devour the Innocent.

The monster, sea serpent, kraken and other mythological creatures have formed a part of Folklore since the beginning of time. Around the world there are reputed to be sea serpents or monsters in many bodies of fresh water. Nessie in Loch Ness, Morag in Loch Morar, Shielagh in Loch Shiel, Lizzy in Loch Lochy, Champ in Lake Champlain, Ogopogo in Lake Okanagan and, quaintly, Wally in Lake Wallowa.

While research has been conducted at many of these lakes, Loch Ness is the icon for monsters and Nessie, the Loch Ness Monster is, without doubt, the grandmother of them all. It is to Loch Ness where myriad researchers ha ve flocked with their cameras and sonars, webcams and mini submarines, their hopes, fears and dreams of solving the mystery of Nessie.

She is reported to have an elongated neck that quite often protrudes from the water with a small head, diamond shaped flippers and three distinct humps on her back followed by a tail. Sone say that she lives under or around Urquhart Castle and many photographs (mostly fake) have been taken of her in the vicinity.

The sedimentary rocks which cradle Loch Ness are some of the oldest in the world. The sandstones were originally laid down in warm seas when Scotland was located in the latitude where Australasia is today. As the continents drifted northwards the land became squeezed into the dry centre of the super-continent Pangaea.

400 million years ago, the Great Glen side slip fault was created. This Great Glen, almost cutting Scotland in two, is home to the black waters of Lochs Ness, Oich, Lochy and Linnhe

As the contin ents began to break up and cluster around the north pole, great Scottish mountains, which would have been Himalayan in size were gradually worn down to the stumps which you see today. Scotland was still in the grip of the ice twelve thousand years ago, but the main advances were over and the land was beginning to rebound from being depressed into the mantle. The surface of Loch Ness would have been at a similar elevation to sea level.

Anything living in the Loch today must have arrived from the freezing North Sea up the River Ness after the final retreat of ice.

Many scientists and zoologists will admit to half- believing that a large aquatic animal does in fact exist in Loch Ness. There are numerous theories as to her identity, including a snake-like primitive whale known as a zeuglodon, a type of long-necked aquatic seal, giant eels, walruses, floating mats of plants, giant molluscs, otters, a paraphysical entity, mirages, diving birds and most popularly, a ple siosaur. Nessie was even given a scientific name Nessiteras rhombopteryx named by Sir Peter Scott so that Nessie could be added to the British Register of officially protected wildlife.

The name, translated from Greek means The wonder of Ness with the diamond shaped fin. Over the years many have noted that if you rearranged the letters of Nessiteras rhombopteryx, it can be made to read Monster hoax by Sir Peter S.

This may mean something - or it may mean nothing at all.

Nessie is either there, or she's not. I like to think she has outwitted our efforts to trap her, pin her down, categorise her, tame her and turn her into tea towels. And one day you may get to see her yourself. Long may she live in the loch !

Susanna Duffy is a Civil Celebrant, grief counsellor and mythologist. She creates ceremonies and Rites of Passage for individual and civic functions, and specialises in Croning and other celebrations for women. http://celebrant.yarralink.com

Author:: Susanna Duffy
Keywords:: Loch Ness monster, sea monsters, water monsters, traditional tales, animal tales, Folklore
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Inuit Drum Dancing Of The Arctic

Like many other aboriginal cultures around the world, the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic have made use of Drums in some of their traditional Music for centuries. Inuit Drum Dancing played a part in many special occasions such as births, marriages, an Inuit boy's first hunt, changing of seasons, greetings for visitors or to honor someone who had passed away. News of these special events was spread by word of mouth and many Inuit traveled great distances to attend.

The Inuit Drum called a qilaut was traditionally made from caribou skin with seal or walrus skin around the handle. Before, Inuit Drum Dancing was most commonly done by men but eventually both men and women performed it. There were various Inuit Songs called ajaaja that were sung while Drum Dancing. In the past, many individuals had their own ajaaja Songs that were unique to them and about their own personal life experiences. There were also many Songs that were passed down through many generations of Inui t.

Like Inuit throat singing, the practice of Inuit Drum Dancing was banned by Christian missionaries for many years. Eventually, the Inuit regained their right to perform their Drum Dances. However, Inuit Drum Dancing is not as important today to Inuit life as it once was since western lifestyles have become such a big part of the northern Arctic. Inuit Drum Dancing is still sometimes performed at symbolic celebrations such as opening ceremonies for conferences, festivals, graduations and shows for tourists. Watching an Inuit Drum Dancer perform his or her Music can be almost hypnotic and is one of the special treats from Inuit culture to be enjoyed by all. Inuit Drum Dancers are a common subject for Inuit art Carvings and drawings. Inuit artists have even outfitted some of their animal subje cts with Inuit Drums.

Clint Leung is owner of Free Spirit Gallery http://www.FreeSpiritGallery.ca, an online gallery specializing in Inuit Eskimo and Northwest Native American art including Carvings, sculpture and prints. Free Spirit Gallery has numerous information resource articles with photos of authentic Inuit and Native Indian art as well as free eCards.

Author:: Clint Leung
Keywords:: Inuit, Drum, Dancer, Dancing, Dance, Music, Song, Arctic, Carving
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

Numerology Is More Than Numbers

Over thiry-five years ago, I picked up a book on Numerology and began to have a hard time believing that numbers had anything to do with my life. Shortly thereafter, I was awakened from a deep sleep by a loud voice that seemed to scream into my ears, Numbers are real!

Since that time, I have found out that numbers really are real.

Oh, I can't blame you for not believing that numbers are real. I didn't for a very long time. But if you diligently investigate how they show what is happening, and will be happening in your world, you will find some amazing truths.

Almost all of us have heard of the strange coincidences of numbers. I was born with a 17 birthday, which adds up to an 8. My social security adds up to an 8, I had my first date with my wife on January 8, 1988. If you add all those numbers up you will get an 8: January is 1+8+1+9+8+8 =35 which reduces to an 8. She lived at an address that added up to an 8. I know. You are going to say that could all just be a coincidence. I won't argue that, but if you actually study the cycles of numbers in your life you will find some stunning information. (Of course, you probably know that if you multiply 9 by any other number, you will come out with a nine if you reduce those numbers to a single digit. Don't you fid this curious?)

For instance, everyone is in a particular phase of a 9 year cycle. Let's say that if your birthday is on March 14 (3 plus 5= 8), you can add that number to 2005 (totals to 7) and determine that the number that will rule your year from January to January of the next year is the number 15 which reduces to a 6.

Each one of the numbers, 1 through 9, have their own specific meaning and show where you are in the 9 year cycle. Traditionally, according to the great numerologist, Juno Jordan, the number 6 for a personal year is ...your duty year for unselfishness, truth, justice, charity. These should be your motives in every thing you do. It is not likely that you will get satisfactory results any other way.

Please do not fall into the trap that a number is simply an abstraction or a mathematical convenience. All you have to do is investigate the effect of numbers on your life and you will be convinced beyond your wildest dreams. They numbers are just waiting there for you to discover how magical they really are.

Although these 9 numbers are astounding in their own right, they are even more powerful and revealing when their meanings are combined with the Zodiac Signs and Planets. An astrologer who is proficient with numbers is someone who can help us all understand how all our numbers work with the heavens to reveal our Destiny. Just remember, numbers are real.

To learn more about your numbers, Sig ns and Planets you can contact skysage

Randall Curtis is a professional astrologer and numerologist with world-wide clients, founder of Planetary Psychology, and The Institute of Professional Astrology. He is he author of an outstanding text on Astrology, No One is a Mystery - How to Use the Planets to Understand Anybody. He can be reached at http://www.matchmakingheaven.com

Author:: Randall Curtis
Keywords:: Numerology,Astrology,Zodiac,Sign,Planets,Destiny
Post by History of the Computer | Computer safety tips

Timbuktu and Brotherhood Too

Juba II in America:

Ahmed Osman tells us about the destruction of all knowledge around the end of the 4th Century Ad as a result of Roman edicts and the desire to make people into sheep to herd as they saw fit. The Serapeum, originally established by the Ptolemies, later became also a centre for Gnostic communities, both Hermetic and Christian. Some Gnostic Christian sects grew out from within the cult of Serapis, and made no distinction between Christ and Serapis. With the destruction of the Serapeum, not only Egyptian knowledge was lost, but also Mesopotamian, Syrian, Phoenician, Jewish, and Greek. The whole scientific achievement of the old civilizations, regarded as heresy by Bishop Theophilus, disappeared in a single day: books on Astronomy, Anatomy, Medicine, Geometry, Geography, History, Philosophy, Theology, Literature, as well as copies of the early Gnostic gospels of Christ. The result was the beginning of the Dark Ages, which lasted for more than ten centu ries after that. All branches of science, as well as heretic writings that did not adhere to the teaching of the orthodox Church, were forbidden by the state. This left the canonic books of the Scripture to be the main source of our knowledge until the Renaissance in the fifteenth century. (1)

The Ptolemies, including the many Cleopatras such as the one that was a consort of King Juba, owned massive tracts of land and enterprises in other lands. This is in addition to the control of Egypt and was separate from that. I have read they owned a full fifth of the African continent. These elites did not have to disclose their personal fortunes or cronyistic involvements to the people who worshipped them. They often were alchemists and practitioners of great magic including mind-fogging. Cleopatra Ptolemy was a mesmeric speaker of note, for example. Ptolemy got Manetho to do a history showing he was related to the De Danaan named Hercules (Herakles). Unfortunately this Kings List that serves the Bible Narrative is fraught with propaganda. Ptolemy made a map of the Mediterranean which he and his progeny forced all people to think was accurate. It was still used by Hadji Ahmed in the 16th Century recreation of a map of the world.

In books like The Iceman Inheritance by Michael Bradley we have evidence of Africans in South America long before 10,000 years ago. The ancient Zimbabwean structures of South Africa and the Namibian deep mines dated to 45,000 years ago would indicate long before white man existed there were cultures well enough advanced to do all we think our vaunted Classical Civilization invented. The book Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, Volume II The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence is part of why I refute Timbuktu being so recent as what follows, from the Smithsonian and Library of Congress. I think the one they refer to is just named after a far far earlier culture. The Hellenizing plagiarism of the Greeks is a large part of what the Eurocentrism of todays prejudices are based upon.

The Library of Congress is pleased to exhibit these important cultural artifacts from Mali as part of a continuing effort to create a universal collection reflecting human endeavor from all geographic areas and historical eras, said Librarian of Congress James H. Billington.

Copies of the manuscripts in the exhibition will become part of the Librarys extensive Africana collection, which contains several ancient West African manuscripts similar to those in the exhibition. Among the items on display are Kashf al-Gummah fi Nafa al-Ummah (Important Stars in the Multitudes of the Heavens), an astronomy text copied at Timbuktu in 1733; Arbab al-Khartumi, al-Jawahir al-Hissan fi Marifat Arkan al-Iman (A Jewel of Beauty for Learning the Pillars of Faith), a text book for teaching the basic tenets of Islam and Said Ahmad ibn Amar a-Raqadi al-Tumbukti al-Kunti, Shifa al-Saqam al-Aridah fi al-Zahir wa al-Batin (Curing Defects and Diseases, Both Apparent and Hidden), a study of diseases, their remedies, and medications.

Though known to African communities for generations, the recognition of these texts by Western academics has created a breakthrough in recent scholarship. Once believed to be solely based on oral tradition, African culture has also been passed down through a rich literary tradition as evidenced by the existence of these manuscripts.

The manuscripts address a wide range of subjects such as mathematics, physics, astronomy, secular literature and Koranic teachings. Written primarily in Arabic by local authors, the majority of the works are privately held, often by descendants of the original scholars. The manuscripts in the exhibition are from two of the most noteworthy private collections in the regionthe Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library and the Library of Cheick Zayni Baye of Boujbeha.

Situated on the edge of the Sahara Desert in West Africa, the legendary city of Timbuktu, Mali, was founded in 1100 A.D. For more than 600 years, Timbuktu was one of the worlds most important commercial centers due to its central location on trans-Saharan trade routes. Timbuktus universities and mosques attracted scholars throughout the continent, making it a spiritual, intellectual and literary center whose influences reached beyond the borders of present-day Mali to encompass Western and Northern Africa, the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Public libraries grew from the original works of these scholars and through importation of books. Remnants of this rich history and culture survive to this day through the ancient manuscripts of Timbuktus desert libraries. (2)

At the last battle for Carthage when Rome attacked you had a racial mix of people coming together to fight Empire. Blacks or Nubians were fighting by their brothers side. The Phoenicians who founded Carthage out of Tyre under a woman named Dido just six centuries earlier were to find America was a place they could go to get away from Rome. Just a century before this last battle it is reported that the leaders of Carthage had decreed that none of their people could go to America. You can find this little fact reported by Pseudo-Aristotle but you will not find it being employed by academics in their false history which continues to maintain the fictions attendant with the Flat Earth theory upon which the modern nations like America (Romano-Bruttii EMPIRE) are founded. People were living in places like the Caribbean and enjoying life and each other for millennia before civilized Catholics (Roman Empire) came and wiped out the beautiful people like the Taino on Cuba who went to Chichen Itza to settle disputes at the Pelota. There they played a game to settle these disputes. This was a better way than going to war. This was Brotherhood in action! But the history reported by people like the above quote from the Library of Congress would have us think of racial differences keeping people apart.

THE KELTS:

The Fatimids and the Assassins seem to have made deals at the upper echelon of their society with many of their supposed enemies. The same was true of the Farsi and Pharisee lot who were highly regarded throughout the Roman and Parthian Empires before the Crusades. In the crusades they made their deals with the Knights and earlier times saw them dealing with Pythagoreans or a more direct relationship with the BEES or Berbers of the Stuart continuum from Mil or Mile, whenever and if ever he actually existed. That would go all the way back to 20,000 years ago according to Niven Sinclair who is one of their historians. Even in the start of the First World War the gentry of opposing sides still conducted soirees and other parties with each other. It has been such fun for them I guess. You hear how the plebs are cannon and sword fodder throughout history and it seems we are when war is not happening as well.

The Kelts had free medicine for the poor and an educational system that lasted for 25 years. They were dangerous and had to be eliminated! They fought for Ariadne on Crete and others before her. They are the Hyksos ('foreigners') of Phoenician Sea People. They are the people who were eradicated on Easter Island and New Zealand under the watchful eye of a Romano-British plot that needs to be exposed! Even the bounty on the Beothuk is connected to this horror show that history has covered up for far too many years. If I sound upset, you can assume I have red hair like my nieces and nephews. I'm tired of war! How about you? Ogham was their language and the Britannica echoes the words of academics who deny it exists all over America by calling it scrapes from farm implements or the like. Right! Let us begin to hear the truth before we actually believe anyone. If they can't tel l us what they've done or why these things happen how can we TRUST? I don't believe in death but that doesn't mean I want humanity to end. If life is only counting score on the societal success ladder that allows such inhumane acts by insecure deviates then I don't believe in that kind of life, either. In my recent book The Worldwide Prehistoric Import of the GREAT LAKES!, I have included numerous other illustrations and cited the words of experts.

One such expert was Edward Lanning who wrote Peru Before the Incas. This Columbia University researcher who spent 20 years in the field brought me artifactual proof in Lima, which confirms the ancient drug trade and the token/coded handshake as well as a description of Kelts just like that of Caesar in the Gallic Wars. If any academic read Caesars words of description regarding the Keltic fleet he met in Brittany, they would know the Kelts were in America a long time before Aristotle (or his student) said so in Strange Thing s Heard. These secrets and secret spying agencies have been our demise and they do not advantage us any as a whole society.

Certainly mankind has been the victim of far too many hoaxes and plots against the common good. That too must end! JFK was right to try to disband the CIA and Napoleon was not only an Emperor of France. Read why he wore the BEE symbol of the House of Mallia and the Merovingians. Then you'll understand what has been going on. I assure you the words of Julius Caesar (Written by Hirtius his propagandist.) were very prolific and well perused as well as being rather one-sided. What has happened to man throughout history is less a matter of chance than it has been a plan. That plan has not been what Teilhard de Chardin called for when he said we need - A CONSPIRACY OF LOVE! Things are not single disciplinary or purely historical or archaeologic; we need to integrate all knowledge and develop wisdom or common sense. If we don't become this informed as co nsumers, we are doomed. The Mtis are likely remnants of Europeans who came to America through the millennium or two after Caesar and his kind subjugated freedom in Europe. They say:

Principles of freedom included:

The Coureurs de Bois above all cherished the principle of

'FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT'.

The Indians had exposed these first Frenchmen to the Principle

'FREE TRADE'. The Indians also challenged the French Principle of

'One King, One Church'

with a new

DEMOCRATIC PROCESS. What did the fathers of the Mtis see in the New World:

This quote from www.agt.net/public/dgarneau/metis-a.htm is well worth considering as we go forward to meet the challenges of space and a universe where people are not limited any more than the God that exists within all lifeforms. And when we are certain about what lies off the coast of Cuba at the 2200' depth under the Gulf of Mexico will anyone take notice that each of us needs to re-evaluate al l the laws and morals we accept from those 'experts' who are often quite wrong. Just ask quantum physicists about how much flak truth can generate!

Activist against American Empire or Nazism and other Tyranny that is growing ever stronger.

Author:: Robert Baird
Keywords:: Timbuktu, Flat Earth
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